Protection Devices, Current and Voltage Transformers Protection devices (overcurrent relays, distance protection relays, circuit breakers) and current or voltage transformers are associated with the built-in node and the switching element.
The network feeder usually will be modeled as a slack node. For a load flow calculation these elements will be represented by resistive and reactive powers (PQ-nodes) or by voltage magnitude and angle (slack nodes) at the node. Modeling of Active Elements For a short circuit calculation the active elements are modeled with the help of their sub-transient reactances. The loads can also be entered along a line without entering nodes (line loads). The passive elements are lines, couplings, switches, reactors, two and three windings transformers, shunts and loads. A network feeder represents a neighboring network. The active elements are network feeders, asynchronous machines, synchronous machines and power station units. In NEPLAN these parameters are entered with the help of input forms.
An element is described topological by a starting and an ending node. There are active elements and passive elements. cable, transformer or electrical machine. Every voltage is given as a line-to-line voltage (delta voltage).Įlements An element corresponds to a network component, like e.g. In NEPLAN the nominal system voltage of the nodes must beĮntered during the node data input. The nominal system voltage Un is the line-to-line voltage, for which a power system is designated and on which several characteristics of the power system has been referred. type of node (main bus bar, bus bar, sleeve, special node),.name (identification with 17 characters),.Nodes A node is the connection point of two elements or a location, where electrical energy will be produced or consumed (generator, load). 2.1 One line diagram with network componentsĪn electrical power system consists of nodes and elements. Tutorial The Basic Elements of NEPLAN To understand the NEPLAN environment, it is essential that certain concepts used in the system are described:įig.